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ObjectiveTo compare the neuropsychological development of infants with different types of morphologic cranial deformities. MethodsA total of 954 children aged 0 to 18 months who came to Beijing Children's Hospital from January, 2020 to August, 2021 for cranial measurement and neuropsychological development measurement were selected. They were divided into brachycephaly group, plagiocephaly group, asymmetric brachycephaly group, scaphocephaly group and normal group according to the cranial measurement. The development quotient (DQ) was calculated from Children Neuropsychological Development Scale (0-6). ResultsThere were 449 cases in the normal group, 94 cases in the brachycephaly group, 201 cases in the plagiocephaly group, 82 cases in the asymmetric brachycephaly group and 128 cases in the scaphocephaly group. The detection rate of Developmental Edge and Delay (DQ < 85) for gross motor area was the most in brachycephaly group (60.6%), and it was the most for fine motor (64.6%), language (45.1%), adaption (51.2%) and social behavior areas (48.8%) in the asymmetrical brachycephaly group. The DQ was different among the five groups for all the areas except the language area (F > 14.835, P < 0.001); compared with the normal group, DQ decreased for all the four areas in all the groups except the scaphocephaly group; DQ of the areas of gross motor, fine motor and adaption was more in the plagiocephaly group than in the asymmetric brachycephaly group (P < 0.05), while DQ of the areas of gross motor and fine motor was more in the plagiocephaly group than in the brachycephaly group (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that, DQ negative linear correlated with the cephalic ratio and cranial vault asymmetry index (|B| > 0.967, P < 0.05). ConclusionAmong four kinds of cranial malformation in infants, the neuropsychological development of the scaphocephaly group is almost normal, and somehow delays for brachycephaly, plagiocephaly and asymmetric brachycephaly, especially in the aspects of gross motor, fine motor, adaption and social behavior. The more serious the cranial deformity, the greater the risk of developmental delay in each functional area.
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Autism spectrum disorders(ASD)is an important disease in children′s neuropsychic development disorder.The incidence rate is increasing now, which brings heavy burden to family and society.Functional studies of ASD related different single gene mutation models have showed that these overlapping phenotypes shared the common mechanism of the homeostatic synaptic plasticity impairment.Retinoic acid receptor α(RARα)regulate synaptic plasticity of the nervous system in both directions, through glutamate receptor subunit 1(GluR1)translation and RARα/mTOR signaling pathway, and affect the integration of sensory information and situational adaptive learning, and then affect the learning and memory function and neural synaptic signal network through the growth of dendritic spines.These researches suggest that RARα may work as a potential drug target for ASD, playing an important role in stable regulation of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, which is helpful for molecular typing accurate diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
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Objective:To identify the relationship between exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products and the ability development in children.Methods:Retrospective study.A total of 218 children aged 0.5-6.0 years presented to the Department of Health Care, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University form September 2019 to June 2020 for developmental examination were included.Those with nervous system, mental system diseases, endocrine system diseases and premature children were excluded.Their development was evaluated and the information about exposure to mobiles phones and other electronic products were collected. Chi- square test and Fisher′ s exact probability method were used to analyze the relationship between the exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products and the ability development in children.The influencing factors of children′s development in various fields were analyzed by the binary Logistic regression. Results:Abnormal fine movements of children aged 0.5-0.9 years were related to the latest time every night of exposure ( P<0.05). Abnormalities of adaptability, language and social self-care in children aged 1.0-2.9 years and abnormality of language in children aged 3.0-5.9 years were correlated with the number of hours of daily exposure (all P<0.05). Abnormalities of language and social self-care in children aged 1.0-2.9 years and abnormalities of adaptability, language and social self-care in children aged 3.0-5.9 years were correlated with the purposes of exposure (all P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that the children′s gross motor was affected by the number of hours of daily exposure ( OR=1.868, P<0.05). The children′s fine motor movements were affected by mother′s educational level and the latest time every night of exposure ( OR=1.722, 2.355, all P<0.05). The children′s adaptability was affected by mother′s educational level, child caregivers, the number of hours of daily exposure and the latest time every night of exposure ( OR=1.711, 2.866, 1.895, 1.650, all P<0.05). The children′s speech was affected by the number of hours of daily exposure, the latest time every night of exposure, and the purposes of exposure (telephone or video phone, early education or study)( OR=2.348, 1.806, 0.328/0.350, all P<0.05). The children′s social interaction and self-care delay were affected by mother′s educational level, the number of hours of daily exposure and the purposes of exposure (telephone or video phone, early education or study)( OR=1.647, 2.678, 0.307/0.363, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The adverse effects of exposure to mobile phones and other electronic products on children should be well concerned.The exposure time of developing young children should be strictly controlled to prevent the adverse effects on the nervous system and development in children.For children who were already affected, relevant habits and behaviors should be timely corrected to avoid irreversible damages.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between social and linguistic parenting behaviors and developing capability of children with autism.Methods:From August 2020 to December 2020, the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of 302 parents of children diagnosed with autism were investigated in the outpatient department of the hospital.Meanwhile, the data of Gesell scale for children, the social life competence scale for infant and junior middle school students, the autism behavior checklist and the Cancy autism behavior scale were collected.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t test and analysis of variance were used to compare the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of different parents.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of parents and children's developmental ability and symptom severity. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and language development parenting behavior between father and mother ( t=1.033, P=0.303; t=-0.312, P=0.756). There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and linguistic parenting behaviors between fathers of different age groups ( F=1.425, P=0.244; F=1.127, P=0.345). Among mothers of different age groups, the social parenting behaviors of <30 years old and 30-34 years old groups were significantly better than those of 35-39 years old group ( F=3.374, P=0.019; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.006). Among fathers, the social parenting behavior( F=4.346, P=0.008; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.001) and social + linguistic parenting behavior in the graduate group and college group were significantly better than those in the high school/vocational group( F=3.965, P=0.012; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.002). Among mothers, the social parenting behavior ( F=2.812, P=0.040; LSD: P=0.008, P=0.023, P=0.009), linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.769, P=0.011; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.025, P=0.001), social + linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.654, P=0.013; LSD: P=0.005, P=0.015, P=0.002) in graduate and above groups were significantly better than those in college group, high school/vocational group, junior high school and below groups.The scores of social parenting behavior(40.72±6.80), linguistic parenting behavior(27.20±5.22), and social + linguistic parenting behavior(67.92±11.10) were significantly correlated with children’s fine motor(61.75±16.41)( r=0.193, P=0.001; r=0.153, P=0.009; r=0.190, P=0.001), cognition(68.28±16.83)( r=0.231, P=0.000; r=0.186, P=0.001; r=0.229, P=0.000), language(53.01±18.55) ( r=0.262, P=0.000; r=0.305, P=0.000; r=0.304, P=0.000) and social self-care(61.44±17.85) ( r=0.264, P=0.000; r=0.238, P=0.000; r=0.274, P=0.000). The scores of linguistic parenting behavior and social + linguistic parenting behavior were correlated with children's social life ability (8.65±0.89) ( r=0.142, P=0.046; r=0.140, P=0.049). There was no significant correlation between social parenting behavior, linguistic parenting behavior, social + linguistic parenting behavior and the scores of ABC scale (50.53±21.39) ( r=-0.089, P=0.336; r=-0.115, P=0.215; r=-0.107, P=0.250) and CABS scale (13.96±4.54) ( r=-0.050, P=0.490; r=-0.059, P=0.411; r=-0.058, P=0.421). Conclusions:The social and linguistic parenting behaviors are related to their age and educational level, and are significantly correlated to developing capability of children with autism, but have nothing to do with the severity of children's symptoms.
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Objective:To understand the health status of children in an organization in the urban area of Beijing.Methods:From October to November 2019, 558 children aged from 0 to 13 of employees in an organization in Beijing received physical examination, including height, weight, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, heart and lung examination, etc.Statistical analysis was conducted on the items related to physical status and with higher detection rate. Body mass index (BMI)≥P 85(P is the percentile compared to the standardized growth curve) was defined as overweight and BMI≥P 95 as obese. The rate and composition ratio were used to describe the relevant data of each item in children′s physical examination. The differences between different age groups and gender groups were compared with the chi-square test. Results:The items with high detection rate were overweight, obesity, rhinitis, caries, phimosis, etc. The ratio of children′s weight and height ≤P 10 were 3.4% and 2.7%, ≥P 97 were 12.0% and 7.0%respectively; the rates of overweight (BMI≥P 85) and obesity (BMI≥P 95) in children were 13.8% and 13.3% respectively, the ratio of weight ≥P 97, height ≥P 97 and BMI≥P 95all increased with age in all children and in boys (all P<0.05), the ratio of BMI≤P 5 increased with age ( P<0.05), and the ratio of body weight ≥P 75 decreased with age in boys ( P<0.05); the ratio of weight ≥P 75 in boys was significantly higher than that in girls ( P<0.05). The prevalence of rhinitis in children was 39.8%, among which the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 14.9%.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the 3.0-5.9 age group of all children was significantly higher than that in 0.0-0.9 age group and 6.0-9.9 age group (both P<0.05), the prevalence of total rhinitis in the 3.0-5.9 age group of girls was significantly higher than that in 0.0-0.9 age group, 1.0-2.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries in children (excluding the group of 0.0-0.9 years old) was 26.0%, the prevalence of dental caries in the 3.0-5.9 age group of all children was significantly higher than that in 1.0-2.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (both P<0.05), the prevalence of dental caries in 3.0-5.9 age group and 6.0-9.9 age group of boys and girls were both significantly higher than that in 1.0-2.9 age group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of phimosis in boyswas 31.5%, the phimosis rates were significantly higher in the 1.0-2.9 age group and 3.0-5.9 age group than that in 6.0-9.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (all P<0.05). No statistical differences were found in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and dental caries between obese and non-obese children ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The severity of overweight and obesity in children is beyond our expectation, the allergenicity problem is becoming more and more prominent, the prevention and treatment of dental caries needs to be improved urgently, and the phimosis problem in boys needs to be paid attention to.
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Objective Regurgitation,infantile colic,and fnnctional constipation are common gastrointestinal symptoms in childhood,the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and distribution of these symptoms in China.Methods A screening program in infants aged 0 to 3 years selected through stratified cluster random sampling was carried out in 7 citics in China.Questionnaires were filled,and then diagnosis were made according to Rome Ⅳ criteria.Areas,(urban-rural),age and gender distribution of prevalence of childhood common gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed.Results Totally,20 932 effective questionnaires were returned.The total number of infants aged 0 to 1 years was 10 193.Regurgitation was diagnosed in 1 960 infants,with the prevalence of 19.2％,among infants aged 0 to 3 months that had highest prevalence (29.8％).The prevalence decreased with age,and differences among different age groups showed significant.For infantile colic,4 470 infants aged 0 to 5 months were analyzed and the prevalence of infantile colic was 7.3％.The prevalence of infantile colic was the highest in infants aged 1 to 2 months (10.0％).Age specific difference was significant.Of all the infants,functional constipation was diagnosed in 1 755 infants with the prevalence of 8.4％,and the lowest prevalence was found in infants aged 0 to 3 months (6.2％),and the highest prevalence was in infants aged 30 to 36 months (10.0％).The differences in different age group were significant.Conclusion Symptoms of regurgitation,infantile colic,and functional constipation are common in infants in China,with age specific difference in prevalence of the symptoms.
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Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on infant's growth and BMI during pregnancy.Methods A total of 1 516 healthy pregnant women delivered their babies in two maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing and were chosen as the subjects in this cohort study from May to October 2015.Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather general information of the subjects,including age,height,weight,weight gain during pregnancy,delivery mode,DHA supplementation etc.,before giving birth.Information on body length,weight,head circumference and BMI at birth and 6 months postnatal,of the infants were recorded.Breast milk was collected to test the fatty acid profiles by using the gas chromatography (GC) method at one to three months postnatally.Results The overall rate of DHA supplementation was 47.76％ among the pregnant women,in which introduction of DHA from the early and second stage of the pregnancy accounted for 49.31％ and 39.64％ respectively.When DHA supplementation began from the early pregnant stage,the DHA concentration showed an increase in the milk (P＜0.05),whereas the supplementation began from the second and third stages did not affect the milk DHA concentration (P＞0.05).Higher height and lower BMI were seen in the infants at birth and 6 months in the supplementation group when comparing to the non-supplementary group (P＜0.05),with the greatest effects noticed in the earliest supplementation group.Specifically,the head circumference appeared larger from the early pregnant stage in the DHA supplementary group,than that in the non-supplement group (P=0.001).The increment of head circumference was larger than that in the other groups when the infants were 6-month old (P＜0.01).Results from the partial regression analysis showed that during pregnancy,there were positive correlations between DHA supplementation and height (r=0.324,r=0.216),head circumference (r=0.221,r=0.302) as well as the increment of head circumference (r=0.276) at birth and 6 months (P＜0.05).Whereas,a negative correlation was shown between DHA and the infants' BMI (r=-0.310,r=-0.371) (P＜0.05) when supplementation was given during maternal pregnancy.Conclusions When DHA supplementation program was carried out during maternal pregnancy,it could increase the height and head circumference and inhibit the rapid increase of BMI in the infants BMI.Our findings seemed helpful in promoting brain development and preventing the childhood obesity.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy and early infancy stage on body mass index (BMI) and gut microbiota in the infants.@*Methods@#A total of 1 752 healthy pregnant women and their infants (breast feeding) in two maternal and child health care hospitals of Beijing were chosen as the subjects in this study from May to October 2016. Questionnaires were used to obtain the general information and supplementation of calcium and vitamin D in mothers and their infants. The body length and weight of infants at birth and 6 months were recorded to calculate the BMI. The random number table method was used to randomly select 40 infants from each group for gut microbiota analysis (If less than 40 infants were all included in this study, 23 infants in the pregnancy and early infancy would be all treated with calcium supplements. There were 6 infants who was not added calcium during the pregnancy but added in the early infancy). Then it was compared that the effects of calcium supplementation during the pregnancy and early infancy on the BMI and gut microbiota composition of infants were determined at birth and 6 months.@*Results@#Compared to the group with no calcium supplementation during the pregnancy ((12.76±1.23), (17.68±0.76)kg/m2), the BMI of infants at birth and 6 months in the group with calcium supplementation during the pregnancy ((13.51±0.47), (17.91±0.23)kg/m2) were significantly higher(P<0.05). In the group with maternal calcium supplementation, the BMI at 6 months ((18.63±0.52)kg/m2), BMI increment ((5.71±0.54)kg/m2) and the content of lactobacillus (21.04%±3.68%) in the only calcium supplementation subgroup in the early infancy were higher than those in only vitamin D supplementation subgroup ((17.69±0.89) kg/m2, (4.17±1.01) kg/m2 and 12.28%±3.86%) (P<0.05). In the group without maternal calcium supplementation, the content of lactobacillus (20.15%±4.87%) in the only calcium supplementation subgroup were also higher than those in only vitamin D supplementation subgroup (14.64%±3.71%) (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Appropriate calcium supplementation during the pregnancy is good for the growth and development of the fetus. Calcium supplementation in the early infancy could increase the BMI of infants, and promote the growth of intestinal lactobacillus.
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Objective Regurgitation,infantile colic,and fnnctional constipation are common gastrointestinal symptoms in childhood,the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and distribution of these symptoms in China.Methods A screening program in infants aged 0 to 3 years selected through stratified cluster random sampling was carried out in 7 citics in China.Questionnaires were filled,and then diagnosis were made according to Rome Ⅳ criteria.Areas,(urban-rural),age and gender distribution of prevalence of childhood common gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed.Results Totally,20 932 effective questionnaires were returned.The total number of infants aged 0 to 1 years was 10 193.Regurgitation was diagnosed in 1 960 infants,with the prevalence of 19.2％,among infants aged 0 to 3 months that had highest prevalence (29.8％).The prevalence decreased with age,and differences among different age groups showed significant.For infantile colic,4 470 infants aged 0 to 5 months were analyzed and the prevalence of infantile colic was 7.3％.The prevalence of infantile colic was the highest in infants aged 1 to 2 months (10.0％).Age specific difference was significant.Of all the infants,functional constipation was diagnosed in 1 755 infants with the prevalence of 8.4％,and the lowest prevalence was found in infants aged 0 to 3 months (6.2％),and the highest prevalence was in infants aged 30 to 36 months (10.0％).The differences in different age group were significant.Conclusion Symptoms of regurgitation,infantile colic,and functional constipation are common in infants in China,with age specific difference in prevalence of the symptoms.
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Objective To investigate the effects of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on infant's growth and BMI during pregnancy.Methods A total of 1 516 healthy pregnant women delivered their babies in two maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing and were chosen as the subjects in this cohort study from May to October 2015.Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather general information of the subjects,including age,height,weight,weight gain during pregnancy,delivery mode,DHA supplementation etc.,before giving birth.Information on body length,weight,head circumference and BMI at birth and 6 months postnatal,of the infants were recorded.Breast milk was collected to test the fatty acid profiles by using the gas chromatography (GC) method at one to three months postnatally.Results The overall rate of DHA supplementation was 47.76％ among the pregnant women,in which introduction of DHA from the early and second stage of the pregnancy accounted for 49.31％ and 39.64％ respectively.When DHA supplementation began from the early pregnant stage,the DHA concentration showed an increase in the milk (P＜0.05),whereas the supplementation began from the second and third stages did not affect the milk DHA concentration (P＞0.05).Higher height and lower BMI were seen in the infants at birth and 6 months in the supplementation group when comparing to the non-supplementary group (P＜0.05),with the greatest effects noticed in the earliest supplementation group.Specifically,the head circumference appeared larger from the early pregnant stage in the DHA supplementary group,than that in the non-supplement group (P=0.001).The increment of head circumference was larger than that in the other groups when the infants were 6-month old (P＜0.01).Results from the partial regression analysis showed that during pregnancy,there were positive correlations between DHA supplementation and height (r=0.324,r=0.216),head circumference (r=0.221,r=0.302) as well as the increment of head circumference (r=0.276) at birth and 6 months (P＜0.05).Whereas,a negative correlation was shown between DHA and the infants' BMI (r=-0.310,r=-0.371) (P＜0.05) when supplementation was given during maternal pregnancy.Conclusions When DHA supplementation program was carried out during maternal pregnancy,it could increase the height and head circumference and inhibit the rapid increase of BMI in the infants BMI.Our findings seemed helpful in promoting brain development and preventing the childhood obesity.
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@#Objective To explore the outcome of children with mental retardation after 3 years follow-up. Methods The subjects were 237 children with mental retardation, selected from Beijing Municipal Investigation for Children with Disability in 2004. Gesell Developmental Schedule and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were used to estimate the children's intelligence. Results After 3 years, the outcome showed non-mental retarded, 124 subjects (52.32%); mild mental retarded, 46; moderate mental retarded, 32; severe mental retarded, 16; profound mental retardation, 19. The related factors include urban/suburban (B=-0.622), parental knowledge about rehabilitation training (B=-0.470) and score of personal social interaction in Gesell Test(B=-0.040). Conclusion The outcomes of children with mental retardation are different. But some problems still exist even in non-mental retarded children.
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@#Objective To analyze the social and family factors influencing rehabilitation of mental retarded children.Methods 237 children diagnosed as mental retardation in 2004 in Beijing were researched with Self-designed Questionnaires and data were analyzed by Cross-tabs and Logistic Regression statistical method.Results The analysis showed that the degree of disabilities (P<0.001), education received (P<0.05), and the attitude from community to these children (P<0.05), were factors influencing rehabilitation of mental retarded children.Conclusion The degree of disabilities is the most important influencing factor to rehabilitation of mental retarded children; the mild or moderate mental cases can get good rehabilitation in a better community and family environment. The attitude to these children from community can make a great help to the rehabilitation.
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@# Objective To investigate the rehabilitation conditions of the developmental disabled children.Methods 269 developmental disabled children were involved.Among them,237 children were with mental retarded disability,57 with physical disability and 26 with psychological disability.Questionnaire was used to estimate their condition and affecting factors.Results The prevalence of non-rehabilitation in mental retarded children was 71.31%,in physical developmental disabled children was 33.93%,and in psychological developmental disabled children was 42.31%.The rehabilitation measures focused on training and medical service,rarely on psychological service.The rehabilitation's affecting factors included singleton(P<0.01),maternal age(P<0.01),parental educational degree(P<0.05) and parental understanding of the rehabilitation(P<0.001).Conclusion The factors affecting rehabilitation are complicated,and what we should do now is to subside the poor family,propagandize the rehabilitation knowledge to the children's parents.
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@# Objective To investigate the risk factors related with chronic stuttering of children lasting more than 6 months.MethodsThe data of 109 children of 2～10 years old with chronic stuttering lasting more than 6 months and 68 children with developmental stuttering lasting less than 6 months were analyzed.ResultsThe minor symptom and escape behavior in the stuttering children group were significantly more than children in the control group. The risk factors related with chronic stuttering showed by Logistic regression analysis were as follows: care about their stuttering, not professional advice and training, the attitude of parents on stuttering, family history, incorrect rectifying methods, few family members, improper family bring-up environment.ConclusionChildren with minor symptom and escape behavior concurrent with stuttering, care about their stuttering and with family record, are susceptible to chronic stuttering. Following factors are found important to chronic stuttering: professional advice and training, the attitude of parents to stuttering, methods of parents correcting stuttering, number of family members, bring-up environment of family.
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BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) arises as a delayed and /or protracted response to a stressful event or situation of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature. There have been reports about natural disasters causing PTSD, but there have been few reports about PTSDcaused by technological disasters. Our study investigated the mental status of those survivors after a serious explosion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and the factors of impact of PTSD caused by technological disasters.DESIGN: A case controlled study of the survivors of a momentous explosion.SETTING: A provincial mental health center.PARTICIPANTS: A serious explosion happened in Urumqi on September 8, 2000. Twenty-eight survivors(as the study group) who were still hospitalized for treatment 3 -5 months after the accident were involved in this study. And in the control group were 30 normal persons whose general demographic data were the same as those patients.METHODS: A psychiatrist told the subjects the following: The objective and meaning of the test, and explained the self-making questionnaire about their general condition, symptom checklist (SCL-90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS), cornell medical index(CMI), the questionnaire on dealing styles, the questionnaire on social support, and others-evaluating scale, incident effect scale(IES); a list of stress reaction symptoms.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Main resulta:①Clinical feature of PTSD caused by the technological disaster.②the related factors to PTSD in the technologal disaster.Secondary results: Comparison of the results between the two groups in IES, CMI, SDS and SAS.RESULTS: A total of 22(79% ) survivors met the criteria as PTSD. There were significant differences in all the assessments(IES, CMI, SDS, SAS,SCL-90) between the study group and the control group (t =3.62-8.17, P ＜ 0.01 ) . The diagnosis of PTSD was positively correlated with the level of traumatic exposure( r = 0. 420, P ＜ 0. 05), and negatively correlated with the degree of satisfaction with the post-event solutions( r = 0. 420, P＜ 0.05), positively correlated with IES scoring and the level of heart pain ( r = 0. 389 - 0. 665, P ＜ 0. 01 ) . The total scores of IES were positively correlated with the level of exposure ( r = 0. 478, P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: The incidence of PTSD after explosion was high, and its occurrence was related with the degree of exposure in the event and that of the satisfaction with the post-event solutions.